一个小巧、安全、URL友好、唯一的 JavaScript 字符串ID生成器。

小巧. 118字节 (经过压缩和Brotli处理)。没有依赖。Size Limit 控制大小。
安全. 它使用硬件随机生成器。可在集群中使用。
紧凑. 它使用比 UUID(A-Za-z0-9_-)更大的字母表。因此,ID 大小从36个符号减少到21个符号。
可移植. Nano ID 已被移植到 20种编程语言。
官网:https://github.com/ai/nanoid/blob/main/README.zh-CN.md
与 UUID 的比较
Nano ID 与 UUID v4 (基于随机数) 相当。 它们在 ID 中有相似数量的随机位 (Nano ID 为126,UUID 为122),因此它们的碰撞概率相似::要想有十亿分之一的重复机会, 必须产生103万亿个版本4的ID。
Nano ID 和 UUID v4之间有两个主要区别:
Nano ID 使用更大的字母表,所以类似数量的随机位 被包装在21个符号中,而不是36个。
Nano ID 代码比 uuid/v4 包少 4倍: 130字节而不是423字节.
Java集成官方参考:https://github.com/wosherco/jnanoid-enhanced
下面我们使用写一个测试用例:
POM引入
<dependency> <groupId>com.aventrix.jnanoid</groupId> <artifactId>jnanoid</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency>
Java使用
package com.example.demo;
import com.aventrix.jnanoid.jnanoid.NanoIdUtils;
import java.util.Random;
public class TestNanoId {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
// 生成一个默认长度(21位)的 NanoID
{
String id = NanoIdUtils.randomNanoId();
System.out.println("生成的 NanoID: " + id);
}
// 在决定 ID 长度 和 字符集 前,强烈建议使用官方的碰撞概率计算器评估风险:
// https://zelark.github.io/nano-id-cc/
// 使用自定义字符集(如只使用数字)和长度(如 8 位)
{
char[] alphabet = "0123456789".toCharArray();
int size = 8;
String customId = NanoIdUtils.randomNanoId(random, alphabet, size);
System.out.println("自定义 NanoID: " + customId);
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------");
}
}
}不通版本,和不同框架的实现,使用方法要注意区分,但是意思都是大同小异,例如我们使用的这个,他的主体类只有两个静态方法,一个无参数一个需要三个参数。
源码:
/**
* Copyright (c) 2017 The JNanoID Authors
* Copyright (c) 2017 Aventrix LLC
* Copyright (c) 2017 Andrey Sitnik
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
* IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
package com.aventrix.jnanoid.jnanoid;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* A class for generating unique String IDs.
*
* The implementations of the core logic in this class are based on NanoId, a JavaScript
* library by Andrey Sitnik released under the MIT license. (https://github.com/ai/nanoid)
*
* @author David Klebanoff
*/
public final class NanoIdUtils {
/**
* <code>NanoIdUtils</code> instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
* Instead, the class should be used as <code>NanoIdUtils.randomNanoId();</code>.
*/
private NanoIdUtils() {
//Do Nothing
}
/**
* The default random number generator used by this class.
* Creates cryptographically strong NanoId Strings.
*/
public static final SecureRandom DEFAULT_NUMBER_GENERATOR = new SecureRandom();
/**
* The default alphabet used by this class.
* Creates url-friendly NanoId Strings using 64 unique symbols.
*/
public static final char[] DEFAULT_ALPHABET =
"_-0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
/**
* The default size used by this class.
* Creates NanoId Strings with slightly more unique values than UUID v4.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 21;
/**
* Static factory to retrieve a url-friendly, pseudo randomly generated, NanoId String.
*
* The generated NanoId String will have 21 symbols.
*
* The NanoId String is generated using a cryptographically strong pseudo random number
* generator.
*
* @return A randomly generated NanoId String.
*/
public static String randomNanoId() {
return randomNanoId(DEFAULT_NUMBER_GENERATOR, DEFAULT_ALPHABET, DEFAULT_SIZE);
}
/**
* Static factory to retrieve a NanoId String.
*
* The string is generated using the given random number generator.
*
* @param random The random number generator.
* @param alphabet The symbols used in the NanoId String.
* @param size The number of symbols in the NanoId String.
* @return A randomly generated NanoId String.
*/
public static String randomNanoId(final Random random, final char[] alphabet, final int size) {
if (random == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("random cannot be null.");
}
if (alphabet == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("alphabet cannot be null.");
}
if (alphabet.length == 0 || alphabet.length >= 256) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("alphabet must contain between 1 and 255 symbols.");
}
if (size <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("size must be greater than zero.");
}
final int mask = (2 << (int) Math.floor(Math.log(alphabet.length - 1) / Math.log(2))) - 1;
final int step = (int) Math.ceil(1.6 * mask * size / alphabet.length);
final StringBuilder idBuilder = new StringBuilder();
while (true) {
final byte[] bytes = new byte[step];
random.nextBytes(bytes);
for (int i = 0; i < step; i++) {
final int alphabetIndex = bytes[i] & mask;
if (alphabetIndex < alphabet.length) {
idBuilder.append(alphabet[alphabetIndex]);
if (idBuilder.length() == size) {
return idBuilder.toString();
}
}
}
}
}
}
Java小强
未曾清贫难成人,不经打击老天真。
自古英雄出炼狱,从来富贵入凡尘。
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